Hearing · Oct 27
Community questions · OSU Extension fact sheet BAE-1772

Every question OSU says a community should ask. Our answer to each one.

In July 2026, Oklahoma State University Extension published Considerations for communities evaluating proposed data centers (BAE-1772), a list of questions residents and city leaders should put to any data center proposal. OSU provides the framework; it has not endorsed Project Thunderbird or these answers. We keep OSU's sixteen topics in OSU's order so you can read the two side by side.

Where we are: Project Thunderbird is at Step 1 of five. The City is deciding whether to rezone the land. Rezoning does not permit a data center. Under Ordinance No. 2026-17, a data center will need a separate Intensive Use Review with full studies, a public meeting, mailed notice and a comment period before the Mayor and Commissioners can approve one. The operator will file those studies as its IUA submission, and what the City approves from them will become the Intensive Use Agreement (the IUA), the enforceable contract that must be signed before any permit is issued. Where an answer depends on the IUA submission, we say so rather than guess.

Author: Plainsmen Holdings, LLC · Content reviewed 15 October 2026 · Figures describe the project as currently proposed
Public hearing
City Commission special meeting on the rezoning: Tuesday, October 27, 2026, 5 p.m., Grand Ballroom, Stride Bank Center, 301 S. Independence St., Enid. Confirm time and agenda on the City's meetings page at enid.org/meetings. A meeting date passing does not by itself mean anything was approved.
City requirementAlready in Enid Ordinance No. 2026-17 (Title 11, Ch. 8, Art. C). Applies to Plainsmen and to any operator, with the scope the cited section gives it.
Current proposalA planning estimate, design choice or objective. Not an approved capacity, limit or guarantee.
Proposed commitmentA term Plainsmen intends to secure in the development agreement or the IUA. It becomes binding only when that document is executed and, where applicable, recorded.
Details pendingNeeds the operator, final engineering, a contract or a separate agency decision (utility, ODEQ, wastewater, federal).
Plainsmen Holdings · Steps 1 to 3

We will set the terms.

Plainsmen is four people who grew up in Enid. We assembled the land, we are asking for the rezoning, and we will negotiate the development agreement to be recorded against the land at Step 2: setbacks, noise limits, no diesel generators in operation, the neighbor program, the Water Restoration Fund, local hiring, bonded decommissioning. Those terms will be fixed before any operator is chosen and will bind whoever comes after us. At Step 3, Plainsmen and ERDA will select a hyperscale operator with a proven record as a corporate citizen.

The operator · Step 4 onward

The operator will do the work and pay for it.

Intensive Use Review will be the operator's obligation. The operator will compile the studies, present them to the City, pay for them (and for the City's own outside consultants), sign the IUA, and fund the infrastructure, assurance and reporting that follow. It will do all of this inside the terms Plainsmen will already have recorded; the development agreement will be the floor. Throughout these answers, "the operator" means that company: the hyperscale operator selected at Step 3, not Plainsmen.

1Rezone the landPlainsmen applies. Planning Commission recommended approval Sept. 28. City Commission special meeting Oct. 27.
2Lock the protections onto the landPlainsmen's commitments will go into a development agreement filed at the county.
3Choose the right companyPlainsmen and ERDA will select a hyperscale operator. None has been selected.
4Intensive Use ReviewThe operator will submit full studies, hold the public meeting, pay the costs, and sign the IUA.
5Permits, then buildingNo permit will be issued and no ground will be broken until every step above is finished.
All topics
  1. Understanding the proposal
  2. Expansion safeguards and limits
  3. Cumulative and regional impacts
  4. Water use, drought and security
  5. Cooling systems and wastewater
  6. Electrical demand and grid reliability
  7. Backup generation and air quality
  8. Utility rates and cost allocation
  9. Stormwater, flooding and heat
  10. Wildlife, habitat, noise and light
  11. Climate and emissions
  12. Economic benefits and long-term costs
  13. Local workforce and labor standards
  14. Emergency services, safety and security
  15. Decommissioning and liability
  16. Transparency and oversight
  17. Commitments register
  18. Glossary
  19. Sources and methods
  20. Contact
OSU topic 1

Understanding the proposal and what is being approved

Is this one building, or a larger campus or phased development?

Current proposal

A phased, four-campus development on about 1,735 acres, with a shared power, water and fiber backbone between the campuses.

Details

The planning areas are North (560 acres, the proposed power plant site), East (400), West (305) and South (470). Each campus would hold multiple buildings. Three sites are in hand. East is City-owned industrial park land in which Plainsmen has expressed acquisition interest; it is not secured. These are campus areas, not approved building footprints. Parcel control, legal descriptions and buildable acreage will be documented with each IUA submission.

Source: P1

How many phases are planned, and what triggers approval of each one?

Current proposalCity requirement

Construction would come in stages over roughly five to seven years, and under §11-8C-4(G) every later phase will need its own intensive use study, public hearing and Commission approval.

Details

The illustrative sequence is partial capacity at all four campuses first, then South and North to full capacity, then West and East. The phase count and dates are not fixed; they will depend on the operator, its customers, equipment deliveries and infrastructure. What is fixed is the trigger: initial Intensive Use approval will not approve later phases, and the operator will carry the burden of a new IUA submission each time.

Source: L1, P1

What is the maximum total build-out allowed under current zoning or development agreements?

Details pending

Today, none. Rezoning to I-3 does not permit a data center, and the published ceilings are planning figures, not approvals.

Details

Up to 2.75 GW of computing capacity and up to 3.3 GW of on-site generation are the project's planning ceilings. The capacity approved in the IUA will become the enforceable maximum for each phase, and anything above it will go back through review. Campus acreage does not establish a right to build to those ceilings.

Source: P1, L1

Are future expansions subject to new public hearings, or can they proceed administratively?

City requirement

New public hearings. §11-8C-4(G) requires additional review, including an intensive use study and a public hearing, for additional structures, uses, land, or energy or water consumption.

Details

Expansion cannot proceed administratively. The notice and submission requirements will be confirmed for each application, and Plainsmen proposes that the operator publish each proposed change and its supporting studies before the relevant review.

Source: L1

Are approvals tied to this operator, or can the facility be sold, leased or transferred without public review?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

The commitments will attach to the land, not to a company, and the ordinance lets the City require updated agreement terms on any change of ownership or lease.

Details

Plainsmen's development agreement will be recorded at the county so that setbacks, noise limits, the neighbor program and the other protections bind any future owner or tenant. It will address successor assumption, continued reporting, funding and financial assurance. §11-8C-4(F) separately allows the City to require updated IUA terms on an ownership or lease change, and the operator will accept that term. Recording an agreement does not settle every transfer question on its own; the final documents will define who is bound, who enforces and how obligations survive a transfer.

Source: L1

Can building density, computing density or infrastructure capacity increase without reopening approvals?

City requirementProposed commitment

Not beyond the approved limits. Any increase in energy or water consumption above the approved figures will trigger new review under §11-8C-4(G).

Details

Denser computing can raise power and water use without a new building. Plainsmen proposes that the IUA define what counts as a material change, including equipment substitutions and denser computing, so that an increase requiring review cannot be treated as routine maintenance.

Source: L1

Which protections already appear in the City ordinance?

City requirementProposed commitment

The ordinance already sets a 500-foot separation from abutting residential-zoned property, 80 percent opacity screening, downward or shielded lighting, and noise and vibration limits.

Details

§11-8C-7 bars any structure or substation within 500 feet of an abutting residential-zoned property line and requires lighting to be directed downward or shielded; §11-8C-4(D) requires landscaping at 80 percent opacity to buffer abutting residential property and screening of mechanical equipment and generators, with berms or walls up to nine feet as permitted methods. The noise and vibration limits are in the backup and air topic. The ordinance's test is residential zoning at the boundary, not every house. Plainsmen's proposed commitment goes further: no building within 500 feet of a home on any of the four campuses, including South, which sits outside city limits where the ordinance does not reach.

Source: L1, P1
OSU topic 2

Expansion safeguards and limits

Can water use, electricity demand or land use increase without additional community approval?

City requirement

No. All three are expressly listed in §11-8C-4(G) as changes that require additional review and a public hearing.

Details

The approved plans and the IUA will make the boundary clear, including the difference between day-to-day operating variation within a limit and a proposed increase in approved demand or land.

Source: L1

Are there enforceable caps on total water use, electricity demand, building square footage and number of backup generators?

City requirementProposed commitment

The ordinance provides for daily water limits and a peak electrical limit in the IUA; Plainsmen proposes explicit numeric caps on all four items OSU names, by phase and at full build.

Details

The operator's IUA submission will propose daily and annual water quantities, peak MW and annual energy, building floor area and impervious area, and the number and ratings of backup generators. Water and peak-electric limits are provided for by the ordinance; the others are proposed project conditions. All would become binding through the IUA and the applicable permits.

Source: L1

Do these caps apply per phase, or to the entire project lifespan?

Proposed commitment

Both. Plainsmen proposes phase limits and cumulative limits across all four campuses and the power plant.

Details

The documents will identify metering points, units and reporting periods for each limit, and will state which limits are instantaneous peaks, daily totals and annual totals. Transfers of demand between campuses or related entities will not be allowed to defeat an agreed combined limit. Each new phase will be assessed against what is already operating plus the additional demand proposed.

Source: P1

What automatic actions occur if a cap is exceeded? Are penalties automatic or discretionary, and who acts?

Proposed commitmentDetails pending

The remedies will be written into the IUA and the permits before operation begins; they are not assumed, and no penalty schedule exists for Thunderbird today.

Details

Plainsmen proposes a fixed sequence: notice to the City within a set time, investigation, a corrective-action deadline, curtailment of commercial load if the deadline is missed, escalating consequences for repeat exceedances, and no new phase while a material breach is unresolved. Any curtailment step will protect Vance backup power and national-security compute while commercial load is reduced. The City will enforce local approvals and the IUA, the utility its service terms, and ODEQ its permits. Where the City retains discretion, the reporting and escalation deadlines will still be fixed.

Source: L1
OSU topic 3

Cumulative and regional impacts

Has anyone evaluated the combined impact with nearby data centers and existing industrial users? Will the report be public?

Details pendingProposed commitment

Not yet. A project-wide cumulative assessment will be part of the operator's IUA submission, and Plainsmen proposes that it be published.

Details

The assessment will cover the four campuses and the power plant together, alongside existing industrial users and any other data center proposals known at the time. The ordinance lets the City hire its own outside consultants to test that work and invoice the operator. Publication, with any security or confidential-business redactions identified and explained, will be a term Plainsmen writes into the development agreement.

Source: L1

Has future growth in the same watershed and electric grid region been considered, and what factors?

City requirementProposed commitment

The ordinance requires a baseline assessment and a 20-year traffic study; Plainsmen proposes the same forward view for water and power.

Details

That means existing commitments and foreseeable demand from other users, drought and extreme temperatures, reservoir allocations, wastewater plant capacity, transmission constraints and plant outages. The broader water and power scope will be set in the IUA review requirements.

Source: L1

If demand doubles or triples over time, how is the impact reassessed, and who can pause expansion?

City requirement

Demand cannot double inside an approval. Growth beyond the approved scope will be a new review under §11-8C-4(G), and the City can withhold it.

Details

Expansion applications will use updated cumulative information. The utility and ODEQ keep their own service and permitting authority regardless of what the City decides. Plainsmen proposes tying the release of each phase to demonstrated resource availability and compliance with existing conditions.

Source: L1
OSU topic 4

Water use, drought and long-term security

How much water will be used at opening, at full build-out, and after potential expansion?

Current proposalDetails pending

At full build, Plainsmen's engineering estimate is about 562 million gallons a year for the four campuses and the power plant together: about 1.54 million gallons a day (MGD) on average, up to 7.3 million gallons on the hottest day.

Details

These are design inputs, not approved limits. Opening-phase volumes will depend on the first phase and equipment the operator selects. The final water balance in the IUA submission will separately identify withdrawal from Kaw Lake, consumption (evaporation and treatment losses) and discharge to the sewer; the 562-million-gallon figure is the modeled annual requirement and should not be read as a verified gross intake or wastewater volume until that reconciliation is published. There is no "after expansion" figure: use above the approved limit will require a new review, and a change in the power configuration would require updated water figures.

Source: P1

If a closed-loop system is used, how often will new water be withdrawn into it?

Current proposalDetails pending

A closed loop will still need an initial fill and makeup water; the amount will depend on the selected equipment.

Details

Makeup is needed for leaks, maintenance, fluid replacement, treatment blowdown and sanitary use, plus the limited evaporative inlet cooling the turbines would use on the hottest hours of the year. The plan draws raw water from the lake into storage at North, where a project-owned treatment facility would condition it to the specification the cooling loops require before it is delivered to each campus through the backbone. Fill and refill volumes, frequency, water chemistry and process losses will be stated in the management and operations plan the ordinance requires in the IUA submission. Recirculating volume is not the same as water newly withdrawn.

Source: L1, P1

Will water use increase as computing density increases, and at what rate?

Details pendingCity requirement

It could, depending on the equipment and heat-rejection design, but only within the approved limit; increased water consumption is itself a trigger for new review.

Details

The IUA submission will show the relationship between IT load, weather and makeup demand for the chosen design so the City can see it before setting the cap. Denser computing will not create permission to exceed approved resource limits.

Source: L1

What is the expected Water Use Effectiveness (WUE)?

Details pending

A data-center WUE has not been established; it requires the operator's equipment choice.

Details

OSU defines WUE as annual water use in liters divided by IT equipment energy in kWh. The combined campus-and-power-plant estimate cannot be presented as a data-center WUE without separating the water uses and stating the measurement boundary. Plainsmen proposes that the operator report design and measured WUE by campus, with the power plant's water use reported separately.

Source: O1

How will seasonal variability in water availability be managed?

Current proposalDetails pending

By drawing at a steady base rate and using on-site storage to cover hot-day peaks: a 2 MGD base supply rate and about 31.8 million gallons of storage at North.

Details

On a 7.3 MGD day, a 2 MGD supply leaves a 5.3 MGD gap, so 31.8 million gallons covers about six consecutive hottest-case days before allowing for a protected fire reserve, treatment losses or minimum operating storage. The 2 MGD figure is the base supply rate used in the engineering model; the modeled annual average draw is 1.54 MGD, and the two are reconciled through storage and scheduling rather than by drawing 2 MGD every day of the year. The operating plan in the IUA submission will reconcile supply scheduling, consumption, discharge and storage, and will separate usable process storage from protected reserves. Neither figure is a withdrawal commitment or permit limit. Storage sized for hot days is not a drought plan, which is addressed below.

Source: P1

What specific water sources will be used?

Current proposal

Raw, untreated surface water from Kaw Lake through the Kaw Lake pipeline. Not Enid's treated drinking water and not local groundwater wells.

Details

The project would treat that raw water itself, at its own facility on the North campus, to the quality the cooling loops require. The only City water the project would use is for ordinary building needs such as restrooms and drinking fountains. Using raw water ahead of the City's drinking-water treatment does not make it an unlimited or separate resource: Kaw Lake and the pipeline serve other users, and allocation, supply contracts and drought rules still apply.

Source: P1

Is there a written drought plan? Can deliveries be reduced or paused, and who has priority?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

There will be. Plainsmen proposes a written, enforceable curtailment plan that puts residents and essential services ahead of commercial data center load.

Details

Compliance with City or utility curtailment orders during drought is an agreement term the ordinance provides for, and Plainsmen will write it into the development agreement so the operator will inherit it. The plan will set supply triggers, notice, reductions, operating limits and restoration of service, agreed with the City, the water provider and other authorities under applicable allocations and law. Vance Air Force Base is the distinction: the proposed backup supply for the base, and any compute load dedicated to national-security missions, may be treated as critical service and prioritized ahead of commercial load. Which loads qualify will be settled with the City, the utility and the federal parties involved; it will require separate authorization and will not be an automatic exemption.

Source: L1

Will future expansions be automatically halted if water availability declines?

Proposed commitment

Plainsmen proposes that no phase can proceed without demonstrated water availability for it.

Details

The IUA and the supply arrangements will define the availability tests and the conditions under which a phase would be withheld. The ordinance requires each phase to be reviewed; the project-specific triggers and automatic actions still have to be adopted.

Source: L1

How much water is reserved for fire suppression, and does it draw from the same source?

Details pending

The fire reserve will not be sized until building and equipment designs are final.

Details

Fire-flow, duration, source reliability and refill requirements will be established with the fire and water authorities in the IUA submission. A protected fire reserve will be kept separate from usable process storage so the same gallons are not counted twice in hot-weather or emergency calculations.

Source: L1

What goes back to the watershed?

Proposed commitment

A Water Restoration Fund, financed by a surcharge on every 1,000 gallons the project consumes, dedicated to watershed and habitat restoration, first in Enid and then across the region.

Details

Plainsmen will write the surcharge into its agreement with the City, and the operator will pay it. The rate, the definition of consumption, approved uses, the administrator and the audit will be agreed and recorded, with results published each year by an outside firm. The fund would support restoration; it would not by itself replace water consumed gallon for gallon.

Source: P1
OSU topic 5

Cooling systems and wastewater

What cooling technology is proposed, and will there be chemical treatment such as dielectric cooling? What chemicals?

Current proposalDetails pending

Closed-loop liquid cooling for the computers and air-cooled condensers at the power plant, with no open evaporative cooling towers anywhere on the project.

Details

Turbine inlet cooling is a separate, limited hot-weather use. Liquid cooling does not necessarily mean immersion in dielectric fluid; the equipment and its coolant chemistry will be the operator's choice. The IUA submission will identify the equipment, every fluid and additive (glycols, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, cleaning agents), quantities, safety data sheets and containment. Water-cooled computer loops still reject heat to the air, so final equipment selection will determine water use, noise and hot-weather performance.

Source: P1, L1

What source water quality parameters will be monitored?

Details pending

Water will be monitored at the raw intake entering the North treatment facility, at the treated supply leaving it, and at the process and discharge points.

Details

The source assessment and the operator's equipment specifications will set the panel, sampling locations, frequency and operating limits. Expect pH, hardness, dissolved solids, conductivity, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfates, silica, nutrients and temperature, with PFAS and other contaminants evaluated where relevant to the source or the treatment train. The plan will name the laboratories, corrective actions and who is responsible.

Source: L1

Are there plans to use alternative water sources such as reclaimed water, brackish water or rainwater?

Details pending

They remain options to evaluate, not committed supplies.

Details

Availability, existing rights and customer commitments, piping, treatment requirements, waste streams and energy use will be compared in the IUA submission. Enid already sells its treated effluent for industrial reuse; that existing arrangement is not a reclaimed-water contract for Thunderbird.

Source: P1

Could future expansions switch to a more water-intensive cooling system?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

No. The no-open-tower design is a Plainsmen commitment that will be recorded in the development agreement, and higher consumption would itself trigger new review.

Details

The agreement will require City approval for material changes to heat-rejection technology, with updated water and noise assessments, rather than treating them as routine equipment changes. An alternative design could not rely on an earlier water estimate or exceed the applicable approvals.

Source: L1

How much water will be lost to evaporation, and how much reused in the closed loop?

Current proposalDetails pending

The volume circulating inside the closed loops would be many times the makeup draw, so a single "percent recycled" figure would mislead; the final balance will quantify each stream.

Details

The intentionally consumptive uses would be the hot-hour turbine inlet cooling, makeup for closed-loop losses, treatment blowdown and sanitary use. Evaporation is consumption. Blowdown would not be lost: it would go to a second project-owned treatment facility that conditions it before it enters the City sewer. The IUA submission will give seasonal quantities for evaporation, recirculation, makeup and discharge for the campuses, the treatment systems and the power plant, and evaporated water will not be counted as sewer flow.

Source: P1

Will heated or treated water be discharged? Where, and who monitors it?

Current proposalDetails pending

Yes, to Enid's sewer, after passing through the project's own wastewater treatment facility; no direct discharge to a stream, pond or groundwater is proposed.

Details

Blowdown and process water would be treated on site to the City's acceptance limits for temperature and composition, then enter the sewer for treatment at the City plant, where the City already resells treated effluent as gray water to industry. The operator will establish volumes, temperatures and chemistry, the required pretreatment, and sampling responsibilities (the operator samples, the City verifies). City acceptance and the applicable permits are separate approvals. This route does not mean all water withdrawn would return through the sewer.

Source: P1

Could expanded operations increase discharge volume or temperature?

Details pendingCity requirement

Only within the receiving system's accepted capacity and limits, and only after review.

Details

Each phase will update the wastewater balance and pretreatment requirements before adding flow. Expanded operations cannot assume the City will accept an increased volume or temperature without review and authorization.

Source: L1

How will cooling performance be maintained during extreme heat events?

Details pending

The selected system will have to demonstrate performance at Enid's hot-weather design conditions; the inlet cooling and hot-day storage exist for exactly that.

Details

Turbine inlet cooling, air-cooled condenser performance and data-hall cooling are different engineering questions. Plainsmen proposes guarantees for net power and cooling capacity, sustained heat-wave and storage-refill analysis, and a load-reduction contingency. Final design will also address air recirculation, humidity, outages and the auxiliary power the cooling equipment uses.

Source: P1

Will aerosol drift occur from cooling systems, and what would it contain?

Details pending

Avoiding open cooling towers removes the main source; any inlet coolers or other spray systems will still be evaluated.

Details

The IUA submission will assess droplet carryover from the inlet coolers, identify any treatment chemicals and show the controls and separation distances needed, or substantiate that none occur. The absence of open towers is not by itself evidence that every source of mist is absent.

Source: P1
OSU topic 6

Electrical demand and grid reliability

How much electricity will the data center use at opening, and what is the expected PUE?

Details pending

Opening demand will depend on the first phase the operator builds; a final PUE has not been established.

Details

PUE is total data-center facility energy divided by IT energy. Values in the low 1.1 range are design objectives for modern closed-loop halls, not guaranteed results. The IUA submission will state opening and full-phase peak MW, annual MWh, load assumptions and metering boundaries, and the annual report will publish measured PUE. Power-plant fuel efficiency and auxiliary loads will be reported separately from data-center PUE.

Source: O1, P1

How does that compare to the current electricity use of the town or county?

Details pending

The project would be a large energy user by any local measure; a numerical comparison needs matching utility data.

Details

The comparison will use the same geography, year and units: annual MWh against annual MWh, and peak MW against peak MW. On-site generation changes where the energy comes from, not how much the data centers use. Plainsmen proposes including that comparison in the IUA submission.

Source: P1

What is the expected load factor, and will the facility run at near-constant load?

Current proposalDetails pending

Data centers run continuously at a high, fairly flat load, which is what the on-site plant would be sized for; final operating profiles are still to come.

Details

Hourly demand, average-to-peak ratio, ramp rates, commissioning loads and any flexibility depend on the workloads and the operator. The IUA submission and utility studies will also test sudden loss of load, generator trips, fuel interruption and transitions between available supplies.

Source: L1

What is the maximum power demand allowed under current approvals, and can it increase without revisiting permits or rates?

Details pendingCity requirement

No demand is approved today. The IUA will set a peak electrical limit, and increased energy consumption will be a new-review trigger under §11-8C-4(G).

Details

Plainsmen proposes separate limits for IT load, total facility demand, on-site generation, grid imports and any exports, with MW and annual-energy boundaries and the review required for changes. The ordinance also provides for utility-capacity review before any amendment.

Source: L1

Will new substations, transmission lines or power plants be required now or later?

Current proposalDetails pending

Yes. The plan includes a privately built natural gas plant at North, the central water treatment facility beside it, substations at each campus and a shared high-voltage backbone.

Details

A municipally owned Patriot Utility District, a municipal trust, is proposed to own the shared backbone, water lines and dark fiber. Its formation, authority, ownership, financing and operating responsibilities will be documented. Any work on the regional grid will be determined between the operator and the utility; the balance of on-site and grid-supplied power remains under review, and routes, easements, ownership and delivery dates will be documented in the IUA submission.

Source: P1

Who pays for that infrastructure, the company or local ratepayers?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

The operator and its customers. The ordinance lets the City require the operator to pay for grid, water and wastewater upgrades, and Plainsmen will write that into the agreements.

Details

That covers design, construction, operation, maintenance, capacity reservation and end-of-life obligations, with allocation supported by utility studies and contracts. The shared backbone would be built with bond proceeds and supported by project revenues, including concession fees, with no pass-through to existing customers. Public ownership does not by itself determine who bears a shortfall; that will be resolved in the financing and service agreements.

Source: L1, P1

How will load growth affect grid reliability during extreme heat, winter storms and peak demand events?

Details pending

The project is designed to carry its own load largely on its own generation, sized for Enid's summer design conditions, so that it would not compete with homes for grid power on the worst days.

Details

Reliability will be demonstrated for the complete power and fuel system: firm net capacity, gas-delivery capability, winterization, summer derating, reserves, outages and any dependence on grid imports or standby service. Plainsmen proposes defined load reductions for commercial load if available supplies cannot meet demand, with Vance backup and national-security compute treated separately.

Source: L1

What happens if the facility's demand suddenly increases or drops offline? Is there a UPS plan?

Current proposalDetails pending

Building-level UPS and a battery energy storage system at North are part of the design, for short interruptions and transitions.

Details

Their ratings and duration are not final. They would support ride-through, not replace a demonstrated firm supply. Wherever the system connects to the utility network, protection settings, ramp controls, islanding, reconnection and any export restrictions will be set in the operator's interconnection studies before energization.

Source: P1

During grid emergencies, does the facility have priority service? Can its load be curtailed?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

For the data centers, no. Commercial data center load will be curtailable under the emergency plan, and residential service will come first.

Details

The ordinance requires a curtailment plan as part of hazard mitigation and allows mandatory curtailment terms in the IUA; it does not itself rank every customer. Vance Air Force Base is the distinction: the hardened backup power proposed for the base, and any compute load dedicated to national-security missions, may be given priority in the curtailment order. Which loads qualify, and how they are separated from commercial load, will be set in the hazard plan and the IUA with the City, the utility and the federal parties involved, and will require separate authorization.

Source: L1

Is backup power to Vance Air Force Base guaranteed?

Current proposalDetails pending

It is a proposed benefit, not a signed supply commitment.

Details

Plainsmen has proposed hardened backup power and secure fiber for Vance, at no cost to the federal government, to help the base meet the federal resilience standard in 10 U.S.C. §2920. The campuses are not on the base. Vance leadership and the Department of the Air Force have been briefed; no agreement has been signed because the project is still conceptual, and federal review is needed. If it proceeds, that supply, and any compute dedicated to national-security missions, would be treated differently from commercial load and may be prioritized in drought and grid-emergency curtailment.

Source: P1
OSU topic 7

Backup generation and air quality

How many backup generators will be installed initially, and can more be added without public review?

Details pendingCity requirement

The number, ratings, locations and operating hours will be set in the IUA submission once building design is known; adding units later will need land-use review and air-permit evaluation.

Details

The inventory will be stated by phase and at full build, including any temporary construction equipment and the gas supply arrangement that feeds the permanent units. Primary generation at North will be identified separately. ODEQ determines whether an addition needs a permit revision.

Source: L1

What fuels will generators use, and how often will they operate?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

Natural gas once the data centers are operational, with no diesel backup fleet in operation. Whether any diesel units may be used temporarily during construction will be determined in the IUA before any permit is issued.

Details

The four campuses were chosen in part for their proximity to high-capacity natural gas transmission lines that already cross the campuses or can readily be brought to the property line, which is what makes gas backup practical where most data centers default to diesel. The no-diesel-in-operation commitment goes beyond the ordinance and will be recorded in the development agreement. Under the City code, backup generation is for grid emergencies or outages of up to 24 hours; longer operation will need City Manager approval. §11-8C-4(D)(6) requires monthly inspection and testing with records kept, and testing may not occur on federal holidays or during dark hours. Operating classifications and hours must also comply with the air permit and engine rules.

Source: L1, P1

Are there expected emissions from testing and emergency use?

Details pending

Yes. Burning natural gas produces nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; no zero-emissions claim is made.

Details

The operator's ODEQ air permit applications will carry the emissions inventory for primary and backup equipment, including startup, shutdown, testing and emergency operation, with the modeling, controls and limits ODEQ requires. A change in generation technology would require an updated inventory rather than reuse of turbine assumptions.

Source: P1

What emissions controls or after-treatment technologies will be used?

Details pending

To be determined in equipment selection and air permitting; for a gas plant of this size that will mean combustion controls, selective catalytic reduction and oxidation catalysts at the level ODEQ requires.

Details

The ordinance cites EPA Tier IV non-road standards (40 CFR Part 1039); stationary natural-gas engines also carry equipment-specific federal rules, including 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart JJJJ where applicable, and the stationary plant will be permitted under its own state and federal rules. The operator's air consultant will reconcile the local citation with all applicable standards.

Source: L1, A1

What enforceable noise and air quality limits apply at the property boundaries?

City requirementDetails pending

Noise: 65 dBA by day and 55 dBA at night at the nearest residential property line, or the pre-development level if lower. Vibration: 0.02 in/sec peak particle velocity. Air limits come from the ODEQ permit and ambient standards.

Details

§11-8C-7 puts the burden of proving pre-development levels on the owner. The final acoustic protocol will define time periods, measurement methods and combined equipment operation. There is no single fence-line air number; the IUA submission will include cumulative modeling of all sources on the project. For a sense of scale on sound: Google's campus at Pryor has operated for about 15 years, was built before acoustic cladding, sound walls and berms were standard practice, and is a quiet neighbor; today's closed-loop halls run on quieter, more efficient equipment.

Source: L1
OSU topic 8

Utility rates and cost allocation

Will residential or small business utility bills increase because of this project?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

The project is designed so its costs stay with the project: power generated on site, any grid capacity or upgrades it uses paid for by the operator, and the backbone funded by concession fees rather than residents.

Details

Neither Plainsmen nor the operator sets OG&E's rates, and nobody can promise what unrelated rate cases will do. That is why the ordinance's provision for utility documentation that local ratepayers will not bear project-driven costs is the right test; Plainsmen will record it at Step 2 and the operator will have to satisfy it in the IUA submission. The supporting documents will identify dedicated and shared facilities, capacity reservations, operating costs, financing, and responsibility if a customer leaves or reduces demand.

Source: L1, P1

Are protections in place to prevent cost shifting to local customers?

City requirementProposed commitment

Three layers: state law and the utility's large-load tariff for grid-served load, the ordinance's agreement terms, and the project's own recorded commitments for the load served on site.

Details

Oklahoma's Data Center Customer Ratepayer Protection Act (HB 2992, 2026) requires cost-causation allocation, separate tariffs, credit requirements and minimum terms for facilities contracting with a utility for 75 MW or more. Its definition excludes entities that build generation for behind-the-meter projects, so it will apply to the part of Thunderbird served by the utility, not to the part served by the on-site plant. That is why the ratepayer protection cannot simply be assumed from the statute: the IUA will require utility documentation and project-specific upgrade obligations, and Plainsmen will secure those terms. Any tariff relied on will be the approved tariff applicable to that service.

If the facility expands, who pays for added grid capacity, water system upgrades and wastewater infrastructure?

Proposed commitment

The operator, for every cost attributable to its expansion.

Details

Before a phase proceeds, the studies and agreements will update the costs, funding, allocation, security and long-term responsibilities for grid capacity, water and wastewater. A general promise about fees will not substitute for a funded obligation covering the identified facilities.

Source: L1
OSU topic 9

Stormwater, flooding and heat impacts

How many acres will become impervious at initial build-out, and how many more at full build-out?

Details pending

The site plans in the IUA submission will set paved and covered acreage by phase and at ultimate build; campus acreage is not impervious acreage.

Details

The current proposal keeps agricultural land at West and South outside the rezoning request, leaves the creek corridor at West natural, and would keep the mapped floodplain on East open if that campus is acquired. The plans will distinguish buildings, roads, parking, equipment pads, landscaped land and protected areas, with the runoff assumptions for each.

Source: P1

What rainfall intensity return intervals will be used in runoff modeling?

Details pending

Those the City Engineer requires, stated explicitly in the drainage report along with the design durations.

Details

Plainsmen proposes explicit analysis of the 10-year and 100-year events and an extreme-event overflow check, alongside any additional City criteria. Naming an event is not a completed model: the report will show rainfall assumptions, drainage areas, storage, outfalls and downstream conditions.

Source: P1

How will increased runoff affect nearby streams and drainage systems?

Current proposalDetails pending

Runoff would be held and released from on-site detention with erosion controls, and the drainage studies will have to show no flooding is shifted onto neighboring land.

Details

The studies will compare existing and proposed flows, evaluate downstream conveyance and outfalls, and demonstrate compliance with City requirements, including during construction when several phases may be underway. Ownership, inspection and maintenance of detention and outfalls will be assigned in the approved documents.

Source: P1

Has long-term stormwater modeling considered future expansion scenarios?

Proposed commitment

It will. Plainsmen proposes sizing the drainage plan for ultimate campus development, updated before each later phase.

Details

The plan will account for cumulative impervious area and temporary construction conditions rather than assess each building in isolation. Any change affecting storage, outfalls or neighboring drainage will be reviewed under the City's requirements.

Source: P1

Is the site in a flood-prone area, and will the project work with floodplain managers on land alterations?

Current proposalDetails pending

Parts of it are. A meaningful mapped floodplain affects the prospective East campus, and a small mapped area touches one corner of West.

Details

If an agreement with the City on East is reached, East's layout will have to work around its floodplain, and that acreage will count against buildable land, not toward it. These descriptions are preliminary, not parcel-specific determinations; final surveys and mapping will establish the constraints for every campus in the IUA submission. Plainsmen proposes avoiding mapped floodplain where practicable, with any affected work engineered under the City's floodplain regulations. The City's floodplain administrator and state authorities keep permitting responsibility; the Oklahoma Floodplain Managers Association is a resource, not a permitting body.

Source: P1

Will the facility increase local temperatures or heat impacts, and will expansion amplify them?

Details pending

Data centers and air-cooled plants reject heat and paving warms; no off-site effect has been quantified, and none is claimed to be zero.

Details

The IUA submission will evaluate heat sources, air movement and recirculation, local weather, nearby homes and cumulative build-out, and set a baseline so later phases can be measured against it. Retained vegetation, the agricultural buffers, berms and equipment placement are the proposed mitigation tools. The review will determine whether detailed thermal modeling is needed.

Source: P1
OSU topic 10

Wildlife, habitat, noise and light

How much local habitat will be lost initially and at full build-out?

Details pending

A habitat inventory and disturbance map will come with the IUA submission, distinguishing permanent conversion, temporary disturbance and retained areas by phase.

Details

The agricultural land withheld from the rezoning request at West and South and the West creek corridor are proposed retained features. Those commitments will be recorded with boundaries and maintenance responsibilities; they do not replace a site-specific habitat assessment.

Source: P1

Will cooling systems or generators produce continuous noise, and could expansion increase it?

City requirementProposed commitment

Some equipment would run around the clock. The 65/55 dBA limits apply continuously and are totals at the property line, not an allowance per machine, so adding equipment would not add allowed noise.

Details

Plainsmen's building standards, to be recorded in the development agreement, will require every data hall to be a new-generation closed-loop building with acoustic cladding, enclosed rooftop equipment, berms and sound walls with landscaping. The IUA submission will carry baseline measurements and a combined acoustic model covering all campuses, the plant, substations, backup testing and construction, including nighttime conditions. For a sense of scale, Google's campus at Pryor has operated for about 15 years, was built before that mitigation was standard practice, and is a quiet neighbor; the halls proposed here would use a generation of equipment that is quieter and more efficient, with that mitigation on top. The acoustic model, not the comparison, is what the City will approve against.

Source: L1, P1

Have impacts on birds, bats, aquatic species and pollinators been studied?

Details pending

Not yet. Site-specific ecological screening will be part of the IUA submission and environmental review.

Details

Plainsmen proposes screening and seasonal surveys appropriate to the locations, protected-species review where applicable, and mitigation tied to the actual disturbance. Landscaping and the restoration fund can support habitat; their benefits will be assessed alongside the effects of development rather than assumed to offset them.

Source: P1

Has light pollution to the surrounding ecosystem been considered?

City requirementProposed commitment

The ordinance requires downward-directed or shielded lighting; Plainsmen has committed to full-cutoff, dark-sky fixtures for all permanent exterior lighting, to be recorded at Step 2.

Details

The IUA submission will include a photometric plan with mounting heights, shielding, color temperature, operating hours, light at neighboring properties and the needs of wildlife, reconciled with safety and aviation requirements (FAA-required obstruction lighting, event-triggered security lighting and temporary construction lighting are the expected exceptions). Fixture descriptions alone do not establish the final off-site effect; the plan does.

Source: L1, P1
OSU topic 11

Climate and emissions

What are the indirect greenhouse gas emissions from powering the facility, and the expected CUE?

Details pending

Natural gas generation is not zero-carbon, and nobody on this project describes it that way. A full inventory and CUE will be published once the configuration and operator are set.

Details

OSU defines CUE as carbon dioxide emissions divided by IT equipment energy. The reporting boundary will identify on-site generation and any purchased electricity, the energy period and emissions factors, and whether upstream natural-gas emissions are included or reported separately. The ODEQ air-permit inventory is an input, not a substitute for that account. Plainsmen proposes that the operator report the boundary, assumptions and measured results annually.

Source: O1

Are "clean energy" claims based on new generation or on renewable energy credits from elsewhere?

Current proposal

We make no clean-energy claim and are not counting credits from elsewhere. The project would be new natural-gas generation.

Details

Capturing the plant's own CO₂ for pipeline transport or geologic storage remains an option requiring engineering, capacity, contracts and approvals, limited to the plant's own emissions. No capture benefit is deducted from any estimate we publish. Any later claim will identify what is captured and stored, what emissions remain, and the evidence behind it.

Source: P1

Will future expansion require new energy sources not currently planned?

Details pendingCity requirement

It could. A later phase may need a different mix of generation, fuel supply or purchased power, and each change would require review under the ordinance and new or amended permits.

Details

Revised resource, emissions and reliability figures will be published together so that estimates from one power configuration are not presented as results for another.

Source: L1
OSU topic 12

Economic benefits and long-term costs

How many community-based permanent jobs will exist once established and after expansion?

Current proposalDetails pending

Plainsmen projects up to 600 permanent jobs at full build across the four campuses and the power plant, with roughly 4,000 construction workers over the five-to-seven-year build.

Details

These are planning estimates, not guaranteed local hires, and the construction figure is a workforce measure over the build, not permanent employment. Jobs by phase, occupation, employer, employment type and expected local participation will be part of the employment estimate the ordinance requires in the IUA submission.

Source: P1

What wages and benefits will those jobs provide?

Current proposalDetails pending

The role-by-role table on this site uses Oklahoma occupational wage averages and works out to roughly $74,000 on average. Those are estimates, not offers.

Details

The underlying roles, counts, source year and weighting are published with the calculation. Salary ranges, benefits, schedules and employee-versus-contractor arrangements will be set by the operator and its contractors and stated in the staffing plan in the IUA submission, separating what is guaranteed from what is estimated.

Source: P1

What tax incentives are being offered, and do they increase with expansion?

Current proposalDetails pending

None have been requested or granted. The civic return Plainsmen proposes is fees, not a tax deal: concession fees paid by the operator and its tenants to the proposed Patriot Utility District, a municipal trust.

Details

How those fees would be distributed among schools, services and infrastructure would be decided by the trust's trustees, not by Plainsmen, the operator or the City, and Plainsmen is strongly recommending that the trust include representation from the county's school districts and county services. Any fee, exemption or payment-in-lieu arrangement the operator seeks will be documented in public before it takes effect, with its recipient, legal basis, estimated value, duration, treatment on expansion and any clawback.

Source: P1

Has a full cost-benefit analysis been completed?

Details pendingCity requirement

Not yet. The ordinance requires economic and employment estimates and several infrastructure studies in the IUA submission, and the City will be able to hire its own consultants, at the operator's cost, to test them and look at anything else it considers relevant.

Details

The scope of any broader cost-benefit analysis will be the City's to set in that review, including the areas OSU raises. Gross construction spending, project fees and net money available for public services are different things, and nothing Plainsmen publishes will present one as another.

Source: L1

How are neighboring property values addressed?

Proposed commitment

Through a voluntary neighbor program, to be administered by ERDA rather than the developer, with purchase offers above pre-announcement appraised value for the homes closest to a campus and support for eligible owners who stay.

Details

The program as currently proposed includes offers above a pre-announcement appraisal, a $15,000 improvement grant for eligible owners who remain, closing costs covered, a three-year decision window, no one approached unasked and no one required to sell. Eligibility would be measured from the campus property line. Plainsmen will finalize and record the terms at Step 2, including eligibility, measurement points, appraisal and appeal procedures, funding, timing and successor obligations, and the operator will fund them. The schedule attached to the recorded agreement will control, and this page will be updated to match it.

Source: P1
OSU topic 13

Local workforce and labor standards

What percentage of permanent jobs will be filled by local residents?

Details pendingProposed commitment

No percentage has been set and we will not invent one. A local-hire preference will be written into the land entitlements, and training through Enid-area institutions is intended to put local residents in a position to qualify.

Details

How "local" is defined, outreach, qualifications, annual targets and reporting will be set in the operator's IUA submission and workforce agreement, without promising positions before an operator has a staffing model.

Source: P1

Will fly-in/fly-out or rotational labor be used, and will temporary work visas be used?

Details pending

The operator has not been selected, so there is no staffing model to quote. Plainsmen is not planning around temporary visa programs.

Details

Construction of this scale would draw some specialized trades from outside the region. The IUA submission will state expected local and nonlocal workers, commuting or rotation, housing and traffic needs, and any anticipated visa use with numbers and duration, with construction labor and permanent staffing reported separately.

Source: P1

Will there be prevailing wage or wage floor commitments, limits on contractor substitution, and the same standards for subcontractors?

Proposed commitmentDetails pending

Construction would be at prevailing wage, with coverage and enforcement still to be documented. No wage floor for permanent roles or limit on contractor substitution has been committed.

Details

Plainsmen proposes obligations that flow through to subcontractors, with reporting and a way to address noncompliance. The staffing plan will disclose the employee and contractor split and any adopted protections rather than treat them as existing guarantees.

Source: P1

Will there be workforce training or investment in education?

Proposed commitment

Yes. Autry Technology Center is the named training partner, and training will likely also involve Northern Oklahoma College and Northwestern Oklahoma State University.

Details

Sustained funding for Autry would be part of the civic return, so that the technical, two-year and four-year pathways into these jobs all run through Enid-area institutions. Curricula, apprenticeships, placement targets and funding will be finalized with the operator so that training lines up with the occupations and hiring dates in the phase plan. Until signed, these will remain proposed partnerships.

Source: P1
OSU topic 14

Emergency services, safety and security

How will the facility cooperate with fire, EMS and law enforcement?

City requirementProposed commitment

The ordinance requires a hazard-mitigation plan with emergency equipment and training; the operator will build it with Enid Fire, EMS and Police.

Details

That means joint pre-incident planning, responder access, incident command, 24-hour contacts, drills, hazardous-material inventories, battery and electrical isolation procedures, evacuation and mutual aid. It will cover the gas plant, gas facilities and batteries, not only the data halls, and will address staffing and recurring response needs.

Source: L1

Will all employees be trained on lithium-ion battery and high-voltage safety?

Proposed commitment

Everyone on site, including contractors, will receive role-appropriate awareness training; only qualified, authorized personnel will work on or respond to battery and high-voltage hazards.

Details

The operator's training plan will identify duties, authorization, refresher intervals, drills and records. General awareness training is different from qualification to work on energized systems or respond to a battery incident.

Source: P1

If emergency service upgrades are required, who pays?

Proposed commitment

The operator, for costs attributable to the project.

Details

An emergency-service impact assessment and a funded agreement covering equipment, facilities, training, staffing and recurring costs, with an allocation and payment schedule, will be part of the IUA submission. Project revenues will not be assumed to meet those obligations without an actual funding arrangement.

Source: P1

Will there be public access to the facility on request?

Details pending

Not unrestricted access; these would be secure facilities. Typically an operator will offer escorted community tours on a scheduled basis, and that is what we would expect here.

Details

Emergency responders and regulators will have the access their roles require. Public oversight will run through the annual reports, public meetings and the complaint process rather than access inside operating equipment areas.

Source: P1
OSU topic 15

Decommissioning, abandonment and liability

What is the expected operational lifespan, and is there an explicit decommissioning plan that will be public?

City requirementDetails pending

Buildings and the power plant would be designed for decades of service; computing equipment inside is replaced on a much shorter cycle. The ordinance requires an expected lifespan and a decommissioning, cleanup and remediation plan.

Details

Plainsmen proposes a public version of that plan identifying closure triggers, scope, responsibilities, schedule and the condition required for reuse. Final estimates depend on the facilities selected.

Source: L1

Who pays for demolition and site cleanup, and is there a bond or financial guarantee?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

The operator, through a funded decommissioning plan backed by financial assurance the City can enforce. The ordinance says the City may require assurance; Plainsmen has committed to it and will write it into the development agreement, so it will be a condition for any operator.

Details

The instrument (a bond, letter of credit, funded escrow, or a guarantee from an investment-grade parent), its independently estimated amount, how it resets as each phase is built, inflation adjustments, replacement before expiry and the City's right to draw on default will be set in the IUA. A parent guarantee, if allowed, will be identified as such and supported by agreed credit standards and replacement triggers; it will not be described as a funded bond.

Source: L1

Does the guarantee increase if the facility expands, and can the land be restored or reused?

Proposed commitment

Assurance will be reassessed before each phase and periodically as costs change, and the plan will state the closure condition and sign-off needed for the land to be reused.

Details

The obligation will carry to successors and will not be allowed to lapse. The plan will identify cleanup testing and sign-off for the intended reuse rather than promise a return to agriculture without a specified restoration standard.

Source: P1

Who bears responsibility for stranded infrastructure?

Details pendingProposed commitment

Ownership and liability will be assigned in the utility, financing and decommissioning agreements so that a tenant leaving or failing does not shift costs to the community.

Details

Those agreements will name who owns, maintains or removes lines, substations, pipelines, batteries and water facilities, and who services related debt if a customer exits. The proposed municipal trust's obligations and protections will be stated explicitly; public ownership is not by itself a guarantee against stranded costs.

Source: P1
OSU topic 16

Transparency, oversight and community role

Will water, energy and emissions usage be publicly reported, in what format, and how often?

Proposed commitmentCity requirement

Yes, at least annually, with the monitoring behind it matched to each operating limit.

Details

§11-8C-4(F) provides for an annual report to the City Manager covering water, wastewater and energy use, emissions and backup testing, employment, investment, complaints, insurance and financial assurance, and for the City's right to publish it. Plainsmen will record that report and its public posting as a development agreement term the operator will inherit. Reports will retain monthly or weekly data where appropriate and identify short-duration exceedances so an annual average cannot conceal them.

Source: L1

What happens if the company exceeds approved limits, and who enforces compliance?

Proposed commitmentDetails pending

Each authority will enforce its own approvals: the City the IUA and local requirements, the utility its service conditions, and ODEQ its permits, under the remedies written into each.

Details

The IUA will identify City contacts, notice and response deadlines, investigation, corrective action and escalation, and will state for each limit whether the action is automatic or discretionary, with records showing what happened and how it was resolved.

Source: L1

How can residents participate in oversight after approval?

City requirementProposed commitment

Through the required reviews, including every expansion, and through the public complaint channel the operator must keep open during operations.

Details

Each Intensive Use Review will require the operator to mail notice to owners within 300 feet, hold a public meeting and post a comment period before the Planning Commission hearing. Plainsmen proposes publishing the notice, meetings, studies and deadlines for each review, and a named community liaison with response and escalation deadlines and published resolution summaries that protect personal information.

Source: L1

Who should residents contact as concerns arise?

Current proposal

Plainsmen for questions about the proposal, the City of Enid for local approvals, ODEQ for environmental permit concerns, and 911 for any emergency. Full details are in the contact block below.

Details

With its IUA submission the operator will publish a single directory of project, City, utility and agency contacts. A general inquiry to an agency is not necessarily entered into a permit record; follow the agency's posted procedure for a formal comment.

Source: C1, C2
Reference

Commitments register

Each proposed protection, who commits to it, where it would be recorded, and its status today. When a document is executed, this table will cite the signed document, date and clause.

ProtectionWho commitsIntended instrumentStatus (15 Oct 2026)
No building within 500 ft of a home, all four campusesPlainsmenDevelopment agreement (Step 2)Proposed
65/55 dBA noise and 0.02 in/sec vibration at residential property linesOrdinance§11-8C-7Adopted 18 Aug 2026
Acoustic cladding, enclosed rooftop equipment, berms and sound walls on every hallPlainsmenDevelopment agreementProposed
Full-cutoff, dark-sky exterior lightingPlainsmenDevelopment agreementProposed
No diesel backup generators in operationPlainsmenDevelopment agreementProposed
No open evaporative cooling towersPlainsmenDevelopment agreementProposed
Water Restoration Fund surcharge per 1,000 gallonsPlainsmen (operator pays)Agreement with the CityProposed
Compliance with drought and grid-emergency curtailment ordersPlainsmen (operator inherits)Development agreement and IUAProposed; provided for by §11-8C-4(F)
Neighbor program administered by ERDAPlainsmen (operator funds)Development agreement scheduleProposed
Local-hire preference; construction at prevailing wagePlainsmenLand entitlements / workforce agreementProposed
Utility documentation that ratepayers bear no project-driven costsPlainsmen records; operator satisfiesDevelopment agreement and IUAProposed; provided for by §11-8C-4(F)
Bonded decommissioning with financial assurancePlainsmen (operator funds)Development agreement and IUAProposed; ordinance says "may"
Annual public report on water, energy, emissions, jobs, complaintsPlainsmen records; operator reportsDevelopment agreement and IUAProposed; provided for by §11-8C-4(F)
Publication of IUA studies with explained redactionsPlainsmenDevelopment agreementProposed
Numeric caps on water, power, floor area and generators by phase and in totalOperator proposes; City approvesIUAPending operator
Reference

Glossary

IUA
Intensive Use Agreement: the contract between the City and the operator that the ordinance requires before any permit is issued. The studies filed to obtain it are the IUA submission.
IT load
Electricity drawn by the computing equipment itself, before cooling and other building loads.
MW / MWh
Megawatt (a rate of power) and megawatt-hour (an amount of energy). 1 MW running for one hour is 1 MWh.
GW
Gigawatt, 1,000 MW.
MGD
Million gallons per day.
PUE
Power usage effectiveness: total data-center facility energy divided by IT energy. Lower is better; 1.0 would mean no overhead.
WUE
Water usage effectiveness: annual water use in liters divided by IT energy in kWh.
CUE
Carbon usage effectiveness: CO₂ emissions divided by IT energy.
Behind the meter
Generation that serves a customer directly on its own side of the utility meter, rather than through the public grid.
dBA
A-weighted decibels, the sound measure used in the ordinance; it weights frequencies the way the ear hears them.
Blowdown
Water deliberately drained from a cooling system to control mineral buildup, replaced with fresh makeup water.
ODEQ / DEQ
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, which issues the air and wastewater permits.
Reference

Sources and methods

Reviewed 15 October 2026. Company estimates are identified separately from laws and agency information. Supporting engineering and employment calculations will be published with dates and assumptions as they become available.

O1 · OSU Extension BAE-1772. Considerations for communities evaluating proposed data centers, July 2026. The question framework for this page. Publication does not endorse this project. extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets

L1 · City of Enid Ordinance No. 2026-17. Adopted August 18, 2026. Enid Municipal Code Title 11, Chapter 8, Article C, especially §§11-8C-3, 4 and 7. The adopted text and executed approvals control. Official code publisher

E1 · Oklahoma House Bill 2992 (2026). Data Center Customer Ratepayer Protection Act, 17 O.S. §§900–906. Definitions, fair cost-allocation and service-term provisions, and the behind-the-meter exclusion. Enrolled bill

E2 · Oklahoma Corporation Commission. Agency explanation of the Act and its behind-the-meter exclusion. oklahoma.gov/occ

A1 · EPA stationary engine standards. 40 CFR Part 60 Subpart JJJJ, stationary spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Applicability is equipment-specific. epa.gov

P1 · Plainsmen project planning materials. The project as currently proposed, as published on this site and reviewed October 15, 2026. Campus, water, jobs and wage figures are company planning estimates. projectthunderbird.com

C1 · City of Enid Community Development. Department contact information reviewed October 15, 2026. enid.org

C2 · Oklahoma DEQ environmental complaints. Public complaint channels reviewed October 15, 2026; formal permit comments follow the agency's separate instructions. oklahoma.gov/deq

Reference

Change log

  • 15 Oct 2026. Status labels changed to City requirement / Current proposal / Proposed commitment / Details pending. Added source references, the commitments register, glossary and search. Rates answer now explains that the state ratepayer-protection act applies to grid-served load and excludes behind-the-meter generation. Added the question on protections already in the ordinance. Homepage statements on rates, grid use, chemicals, pipeline debt and diesel brought into line with this page. Water answers now separate withdrawal, consumption and discharge and describe the two project-owned treatment facilities. Hearing date updated to October 27.
  • 8 Oct 2026. First publication, answering all sixteen OSU topics.
Who to contact
Project Thunderbird
info@projectthunderbird.com · call or text (580) 366-1337 · or the contact form on this site. Name the campus or topic.
City of Enid
Community Development, 401 W. Garriott, Enid · current phone and email at enid.org/Business/Community-Development · meetings and agendas at enid.org/meetings
Oklahoma DEQ
Environmental complaints 800-522-0206 · online complaint form. For a formal permit comment, follow the agency's posted procedure.
Emergency
911
Media
Jana Steelman or Christine Eddington, Schnake Turnbo Frank
Found an error?
Suggest a correction. Include the question's link (use Copy link) and any supporting information. We acknowledge every submission and update the change log when a fact, commitment or approval status changes.
Project Thunderbird

Project as currently proposed and subject to public review and final approval by the City of Enid. Water volumes, job counts and wage figures are Plainsmen Holdings' own engineering and analytical estimates, not permit limits or guarantees. Nothing on this page creates an obligation; the development agreement once recorded, the IUA, approved plans and permits will control.

Questions are taken from OSU Extension fact sheet BAE-1772. OSU states that the publication does not represent an official position of the University. Ordinance references are to City of Enid Ordinance No. 2026-17, adopted August 18, 2026.

Plainsmen Holdings, LLC · projectthunderbird.com